The Perception of Usefulness: Iranian Customers' Evaluation of Customer Reviews

Over the last decade, the retail industry has had a phenomenal growth. All figures show their success and efficiency and many studies have shown the role of customer reviews in encouraging ambivalent purchasers to buy items online. There have been numerous studies on why people read and trust these comments and taking for granted the important role of customer reviews in determining buying decision, this study endeavors to identify and explain the different factors involved in making a comment "useful". We took an Iranian retail website and collected comments on perceived "usefulness" of each review. Our results showed that perceived level of usefulness was related to the word count of the comments, personal experience of the writer with the product, emotional description of the product, and mentioning the strength/weakness points of the product

Structure and properties of Na5FeSi4O12 crystallized from 5Na2O-Fe2O3-8SiO2 glass

The phase Na5FeSi4O12 crystallizes readily from the Na2O-Fe2O3-SiO2 glass system in a relatively large compositional range. However, its crystal structure and properties have not been studied in detail since its discovery in 1930. In this work, the Na5FeSi4O12 phase is crystallized from a host glass with 5Na2O·Fe2O3·8SiO2 stoichiometry, and both the glass and crystal are studied. It is found that the Na5FeSi4O12 phase crystallizes at ~ 720°C from the glass, and melts at ~ 830°C when heated at a rate of 10°C/min. The crystal structure was solved using single crystal X-ray diffraction, and the refined data as well as the Crystallographic Information File (CIF) are reported for the first time for the Na5FeSi4O12 phase. It exhibits trigonal symmetry, space group R3 ̅c with a = 21.418, c = 12.2911 Å. The sodium atoms located between adjacent structural channels (Na5, Na51, Na52, Na53) exhibit positional disorder and splitting which was only refined by using low temperature data collection (150 K). While ~ 7% of the total Fe cations occur as Fe2+ in the glass, 4-coordinated Fe3+ constitutes ~ 93% of the total Fe cations. However, iron in the crystal, which exhibits a paramagnetic behavior, is solely present as 6-coordinated Fe3+. The magnetic and vibrational properties of the glass and crystal are discussed to provide additional insight into the structure

Conceptual Explanation of the Food Production Cycle Based on Tayyib Food Indices in the Holy Quran

For downloading the full-text of this article please click here.Background and Objective: Developing civilization processes and systems based on the Qur'anic principles is one of the major issues in the field of epistemics and management in the Islamic community. Nutrition is one of the most vital processes in life and, based on Islamic principles, it plays a key role in securing the religion and world for human. From the perspective of Islamic ideology, nutrition affects the body, thought and faith of humans, although foods do not have the same appearance. God has set the highest standard of quality for human food.Methods: This is an qualitative content analysis study based on Quranic verses relying on the interpretations as an ignored aspect of nutrition. To analyze the word Tayyib, first, its meaning was investigated in lexicographers’ studies, and from the sum of their opinions, we came to a comprehensive and obstructive meaning. In order to achieve the standard of Tayyib food, the word Tayyib was analyzed in the Holy Qur'an and semantically examined. Using semantic network design, its semantic core was extracted and, based on it, the indicators of tayyeb food were determined. The authors declared no conflict of interest.Results: Tayyib food is a pure and developmental food that is perfectly in harmony with the body. Also, it is pleasing, clean, tasty and in good condition, and has a beneficial effect. Furthermore, it is non-harmful to the soul and body. Halal food, on the other hand, is anything that is not forbidden and tayyeb is used to mean something which is in harmony with human spirit as against khabith, which human spirit hates. Conceptually, tayyeb food refers to good, useful, healthy, non-harmful, halal, clean food that is in harmony with human spirit and without any contamination within or in appearance. It refers to a food with complete nutritional values.Conclusion: Tayyib food indices are used as the main elements of a comprehensive and process standard for the entire food cycle from production to consumption. It is considered as a quality standard for optimizing food processes. For downloading the full-text of this article please click here.Please cite this article as: Zamani H, Naji-Tabasi S, Afkhami-Rouhani H, Ahmadzadeh SM, Shahidi-Noghabi M. Conceptual Explanation of the Food Produciton Cycle Based on Tayyib Food Indices in the Holy Quran. Journal of Pizhūhish dar dīn va salāmat. 2020;6(2):165-179. https://doi.org/10.22037/jrrh.v6i2.2146

Toxicology and Metabolic Effects of Methanol and Formaldehyde on the Brain, a Review Article

Background: Methanol is a toxic alcohol for the human body. The molecular biology of methanol metabolites affecting different organs, such as the brain, is under investigation. This systematic review aimed to consider methanol toxic molecular biology, based on the original articles obtained from data banks to figure out recent achievements.Methods: Scientific articles regarding the toxic effects and metabolites of methanol on the central nervous system (CNS) were collected from valid databases and classified based on their validity. Exclusion criteria were articles with duplicates, no available full text, review articles, case reports, and letters.Results: Current metabolic reactions were addressed in the development of CNS diseases, such as optic neuropathy, basal ganglia lesions, and Alzheimer’s disease. However, proteomic investigations introduced new metabolic changes, and serum proteins regarding blood coagulation, vitamin A metabolism, and immune responses were suggested for early detection of toxicity.Conclusion: Besides CNS disorders introduced for methanol toxicity, there is no exact proteomic serum marker to diagnose toxicity soon; however, the interleukin-1 beta system is suggested as a candidate, and more investigation is required to improve its competency

Study of proteome pattern of Pseudomonas fluorescens strain UTPF68 in interaction with Trichoderma atroviride strain P1 and tomato

Saprophitic Pseudomonas species are root-colonizing bacteria that can improve plant health. Efficient exploitation of these bacteria in agriculture requires knowledge of traits that enhance ecological performance in the rhizosphere. Some Pseudomonas fluorescens strains present biocontrol properties, protecting the roots of some plant species against plant pathogens. These bacteria induce systemic resistance in the host plant, so it can better resist attack by a true pathogen. The bacteria outcompete other (pathogenic) soil microbes, e.g., by siderophores, giving a competitive advantage at scavenging for iron. The bacteria produce compounds antagonistic to other soil microbes, such as phenazine - type antibiotics or hydrogen cyanide. In this study  the changes in the protein profile of P. fluorescens strain UTPF68, involved in the multiple interactions between plant (tomato) and an antagonistic agent (Trichoderma atroviride strain P1) investigated. Two-dimensional electrophoresis was used to analyze separately collected proteins from each one, two or three partner interactions. The results about differential produced spots in Pseudomonas proteome in each collation, showed that 18 differential spots became visible as new, 16 spots were absent, 17 spots were up-regulated and 1 spot was down-regulated, when Tomato-Pseudomonas (TP) condition was compared with control Pseudomonas alone (P). Also more than 84 differential spots were accumulated in proteome of Pseuodomonas due to the presence of Trichoderma, as new, absent, increased and decreased spots. By comparison of conditions revealed 2 protein spots that detected by MS, have newly expressed in present of Plant and Trichoderma. These proteins corresponded to arginine deiminase of P. putida GB-1 and Chaperonin GroEL protein of P. putida S16 that their expressions associated to stress condition.The results indicated that the presence of Plant and Trichoderma induces major changes in the protein profile of Pseudomonas

Assessment of the Microbiome Role in Skin Protection Against UV Irradiation Via Network Analysis

Introduction: Diverse microbiotas which have some contributions to gene expression reside in human skin. To identify the protective role of the skin microbiome against UV exposure, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis is used to assess gene expression alteration.Methods: A microarray dataset, GEO accession number GSE117359, was considered in this respect. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the germ-free (GF) and specific pathogen-free (SPF) groups are analyzed by GEO2R. The top significant DEGs were assigned for network analysis via Cytoscape 3.7.2 and its applications.Results: A total of 28 genes were identified as significant DEGs and the centrality analysis of the network indicated that only one of the seven hub-bottlenecks was from queried genes. The gene ontology analysis of Il6, Cxcl2, Cxcl1, TNF, Il10, Cxcl10, and Mmp9 showed that the crucial genes were highly enriched in the immune system.Conclusion: The skin microbiome plays a significant role in the protection of the skin against UV irradiation and the role of TNF and IL6 is prominent in this regard

Structure of NaFeSiO4, NaFeSi2O6, and NaFeSi3O8 glasses and glass-ceramics

The crystallization of iron-containing sodium silicate phases holds particular importance, both in the management high-level nuclear wastes and in geosciences. Here, we study three asquenched glasses and their heat-treated chemical analogues, NaFeSiO4, NaFeSi2O6, and NaFeSi3O8 (with nominal stoichiometries from feldspathoid, pyroxene, and feldspar mineral groups – i.e., Si/Fe = 1, 2, and 3 respectively) – using a variety of techniques. Phase analyses revealed that as-quenched NaFeSiO4 cannot accommodate all Fe in the glass phase (some Fe crystallizes as Fe3O4), whereas as-quenched NaFeSi2O6 and NaFeSi3O8 form amorphous glasses upon quenching. NaFeSi2O6 glass is the only composition that crystallizes into its respective isochemical crystalline polymorph, i.e. aegirine, upon isothermal heat-treatment. As revealed by Mössbauer spectroscopy, iron is predominantly present as 4-coordinated Fe3+ in all glasses, though it is present as 6-coordinated Fe3+ in the aegirine crystals (NaFeSi2O6), as expected from crystallography. Thus, Fe can form the crystalline phases in which it is octahedrally coordinated, even though it is mostly tetrahedrally coordinated in the parent glasses. Thermal behavior, magnetic properties, iron redox state (including Fe K-edge X-ray absorption), and vibrational properties (Raman spectra) of the above compositions are discussed

SYSTEMATIC INVESTIGATION OF EFFECTS OF IRON ON CRYSTALLIZATION OF IRON-CONTAINING SODIUM ALUMINOSILICATE GLASSES

Within the Hanford high-level waste (HLW), iron is a major component whose concentration varies from ~5 to 30 wt% Fe2O3. Moreover, iron plays a key role in natural silicates that have been studied as analogues for nuclear waste glasses to understand their long-term durability. This work systematically studies the role of iron in crystallization behavior of simplified and simulant HLW glass compositions, with an emphasis on the formation of the nepheline phase that undesirably crystallizes during the vitrification of Hanford HLW. Mineralogically-important sodium iron silicate compositions were also studied to understand their structure and crystallization behavior. A variety of materials characterization techniques were employed including X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, vibrating sample magnetometry, electron probe microanalysis, and Raman and Mössbauer spectroscopies. It was discovered that iron can markedly incorporate into nepheline phase at Al sites (up to ~20 wt% Fe2O3 of the total nepheline composition), and thus can promote the crystallization of nepheline over its high-temperature polymorph, carnegieite, when present in smaller amounts (i.e., 75%) in the studied glasses occur as [4]Fe3+, and its fraction increases with increasing the iron concentration.Iron oxides as the main recorders of the ancient geomagnetic field in natural samples were also studied in this work. Such magnetic minerals, in which iron is the crucial component, makes it possible to date archaeological objects using paleomagnetic methods. Archaeomagnetic dating of vitrified Broborg hillfort materials as an anthropogenic analogue for nuclear waste glasses is discussed

Magnetic analysis of commercial hematite, magnetite, and their mixtures

Magnetic techniques are suitable to detect iron oxides even in trace concentrations. However, since several iron oxides may be simultaneously present in natural and synthetic samples, mixtures of magnetic particles and magnetic interactions between grains can complicate magnetic signatures. Among the iron oxide minerals, hematite (α-Fe2O3) and magnetite (Fe3O4) are the most common. In this work, different commercial hematite powders, normally used as Fe precursor in laboratory synthesis of Fe-containing oxides, were characterized using X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The effects of different concentrations of the hematite and magnetite on the magnetic properties of a set of mixtures (from 1 to 10 wt% magnetite) were then investigated by measuring the hysteresis loops, first order reversal curves (FORCs), thermal demagnetization, and isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM) curves. The three commercial hematite powders presented different magnetic behaviors mostly due to the effects of particle size. The magnetic results of mixtures reveal that it is very difficult to identify hematite magnetic signals by means of hysteresis loops, FORCs, or thermal demagnetization when even a small amount of magnetite (>5 wt%) is present due to magnetite’s high specific magnetization. However, IRM was found to be a sensitive method to determine the presence of hematite when magnetite is simultaneously present as high as 10 wt%